| CHARACTERISTICS | SCHOLARLY JOURNALS | POPULAR MAGAZINES | TRADE MAGAZINES |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADVERTISING |
Few or no advertisements |
Extensive advertising |
Extensive advertising |
| AUDIENCE |
Scholars and college students |
General; broad-based |
Working Professionals |
| AUTHOR |
Scholars & researchers |
Staff and freelance writers |
Professionals and staff |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY |
Always include bibliographies |
None |
May offer a bibliography |
| LANGUAGE/TONE |
Academic, research-oriented |
Simple language |
Professional terminology |
| LENGTH OF ARTICLE |
Can be 6-40 pages |
Varies; often short |
Varies, often short |
| VISUAL DESIGN |
|
|
|
| PUBLISHER |
University or professional |
For-profit, commercial |
Professional organizations |
| EXAMPLES |
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