| CHARACTERISTICS | SCHOLARLY JOURNALS | POPULAR MAGAZINES | TRADE MAGAZINES |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADVERTISING | Few or no advertisements |
Extensive advertising | Extensive advertising |
AUDIENCE |
Scholars and college students | General;broad based | Working Professionals |
AUTHOR |
Scholars and Researchers | Staff and freelance writers | Professionals and staff |
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
Always include bibliographies | None | May offer a bibliography |
LANGUAGE/TONE |
Academic, research-oriented | Simple language | Professional terminology |
LENGTH OF ARTICLE |
Can be 6-40 pages | Varies; often short | Varies; often short |
VISUAL DESIGN |
Few or no pictures, Text w/statistics, few colors | Extensive pictures, Glossy, colorful | |
PUBLISHER |
University or professional | For-profit commercial | Professional organizations |
| EXAMPLES |
Children's Literature in Education
|
Time National Geographic Newsweek |
Poets & Writers Astronomy American Libraries |