Geospatial data is data that represents geographic information and is tied to geographic coordinates on the earth (latitude and longitude). Spatial data is generally classified into two main types of data.
- Vector Data: This type of data uses points, lines, and polygons to represent geographic features rendered on a map. Vector data is drawn dynamically with mapping software using precise mathematical coordinates. This allows vector data to be scaled, remaining sharp and clear regardless of the zoom level being displayed. It also allows spatial querying such as determining the distance between points.
- Raster Data: This type of data is represented by a grid of cells (called pixels) rendered on a map. This includes data such as digitized maps, aerial imagery, and satellite imagery. The spatial resolution of raster data is determined by the size of the cells in the grid. Pixelation can occur if the image resolution is not sufficient for the zoom level shown on a map, making the cells appear square and blurry. Raster data has to be pinned to specific geographic coordinates through a process called georeferencing.
