Popular vs. Scholarly Literature
Simply stated, all periodicals are publications that are published periodically. Periodicals are not all the same. Periodicals are presented in different mediums, they utilize different publication processes, and they appeal to a variety of readerships. Below you will find three types of periodicals. You will also find some distinctions between what the academic community considers popular and scholarly literature.
Popular Sources: Newspapers and Magazines
- Written for a general audience, using language that is easy to understand as well as pictures and advertisements.
- Good for current news, opinions, and statistics.
- Contain articles regarding timely subject matter.
- Articles are usually written by reporters and columnists rather than specialists.
- Articles may contain sources for authenticity, but newspaper articles do not contain footnotes or reference lists.
- Subject matter can be either general or focused on a particular topic.
Scholarly Sources: Journals
- Communicate scholarly research regarding a specific field of study.
- Are often only published after being peer reviewed by other experts in the field.
- Research is documented throughout the article.
- Reference to other research in the field is documented.
- Scholarly journals can contain research articles of an empirical nature. These usually include abstracts, introductions, methods, results, discussions, conclusions, and references.
Adapted by Joy Lambert from Matt Mallard and Suellen Cox
Peer-Reviewed Scholarly Journals
- Ulrichs Periodicals Directory This link opens in a new windowDirectory of approximately 250,000 regularly and irregularly published journals, magazines, newspapers, and full-text electronic resources from more than 200 countries. Search or browse by title, keyword, subject, ISSN or publisher; list and sorting options; and highlights of new, changed, and ceased titles.
Another way to verify if a journal is peer reviewed, or refereed, is to do a Web search for the home page of the journal and check for information on the journal's Web site that explains the review process for author submissions.
Internet Searching
Please read the information below to learn how you can construct a search of government Web sites in Google for information on your research topic.
To search education Web sites, please type: site:.edu [skipping a space and then entering your search term(s)]
For a search of organization Web sites, please type: site:.org [skipping a space and then entering your search term(s)]
Additional Tip
As always, please take the time to evaluate your sources.