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Pollak Library

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Citing AI Sources

All three of the major citation styles have guidelines for citing AI-generated sources. As AI tools are changing rapidly, always refer to the latest citation style guidance. The logos below refer to specific AI-citation instructions for each style:

APA logo          MLA logo         CMOS logo

There is AI guidance in other citations styles as well. 

Additional guidance on citing AI-generated sources:

Acknowledging AI Use

Yes, you need to cite AI use. 

If using AI is allowed on an assignment, each time AI-generated content is included, it must be cited. Always double check with your professor if you have questions about AI usage on an assignment. The general practice of citation requires citing anything that comes from somewhere else; anything that isn't your original thought, isn't common knowledge, and/or is a place you sourced information.

References are required for all content pulled from an AI tool included in your assignment. Failure to reference externally sourced, non-original work can be considered academic dishonesty. References should provide clear and accurate information for each source and should identify where they have been used.

You also need to acknowledge your AI use.

Generally, there are a few pieces of information needed for AI attribution or acknowledgement:

  • Name of the specific AI tool used (Google Gemini, Claude, Perplexity, ChatGPT, etc.).

  • Identify the purpose behind using the tool (used for brainstorming, data analysis, writing style).

  • Indicate the extent of the AI influence on the final product (minimal - <20%, moderate - 20-40%, or extensive - 40% or higher).

  • Explain how the AI output was evaluated and verified.

Include any AI generated output in the references, as you would any source. Creating a direct link to an AI conversation is an option in many AI tools by creating an account. There are also tools available for sharing a publicly available link:

The website extension saves GenAI conversations and creates a URL, which allows readers to reference the original conversation used by the author. Useful tool for creating citations.

Citing AI in APA

APA Example

Company that made the tool (date text was generated). AI tool (version of tool) [Large language model]. URL. 
Bibliography example:
OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/share/dccb3610-1db9-4eed.
Parenthetical citation: (OpenAI, 2023)
Narrative citation: OpenAI (2023)

Citation Elements

  • Author: Use the creator of the AI as the author (e.g. OpenAI, Google, etc.).
  • Date: Include the date the content was generated. 
  • Title: Use the name of the AI tool (e.g. ChatGPT, Gemini).
  • Version: Name the version of the AI tool as specifically as possible. 
  • Description: In brackets, clarify that this is a large language model, or another specific type of generative AI.
  • Location: Give the URL for the tool. Give the URL for the specific content. 

Citing AI in MLA

MLA Example

"Prompt text" prompt. AI tool, version of tool, company that made the tool, date text was generated. URL. 
Works Cited example: 
“Describe the symbolism of the green light in the book The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald” prompt. ChatGPT, version GPT-3.5, OpenAI, 8 Mar. 2023, https://chat.openai.com/share/dccb3610-1db9-4eed-88b1-cdb06f67982a.
In-text citation: (“Describe the symbolism”)

Citation Elements

  • Author: Do not treat the AI as an author; MLA is reserving that for human authors. Omit the author section of the citation.
  • Title of source: Describe what was generated by the AI tool. If you have not included information about the prompt in the text of your essay, do that here.
  • Title of container: The name of the AI tool. 
  • Version: Name the version of the AI tool as specifically as possible. 
  • Date: Include the date the content was generated. 
  • Location: Give the URL for the tool. Direct the user to the conversation cited. 

Citing AI in Chicago Style

Chicago Manual of Style Example

In Chicago, generative AI is cited differently depending on whether or not the prompt is included in the text of your paper. If you included it in your paper, you don't need to repeat it in the citation. 
Prompt already included in paper:
1. Text generated by [name of the AI tool], date, Company that made the tool, URL.
Prompt not yet included in paper: 
1. [Name of the AI tool], response to "prompt," date text was generated, Company that made the tool, URL.
Bibliography (prompt included) example: 
1. Text generated by ChatGPT, March 7, 2023, OpenAI, https://chat.openai.com/share/dccb3610-1db9-4eed-88b1-cdb06f67982a.
Bibliography (prompt not yet included) example: 
1. ChatGPT, response to “Explain how to make pizza dough from common household ingredients,” March 7, 2023, OpenAI, https://chat.openai.com/share/dccb3610-1db9-4eed-88b1-cdb06f67982a.
If you’re using author-date style instead of notes-bibliography, any information not in the text would be placed in a parenthetical text reference. For example, (ChatGPT, March 7, 2023). Include a full reference with direct link to AI conversation in the works cited.

Citation Elements

  • Author: Treat the AI as the author. If you're footnoting quoted text, say "Text generated by [the AI tool]."
  • Date: Include the date the content was generated. 
  • Publisher: Use the company that created the AI (e.g. OpenAI, Google)
  • Location: Give the URL for the tool. If possible, give the URL for the specific content.